What Is Powassan Virus Disease? Causes and Prevention Guide
Powassan virus disease is a rare but debilitating condition that is transmitted through infectious tick bites. While infections continue to be relatively rare, health care providers and experts have been paying increasing attention to the illness because of a few unfortunate cases where it caused significant complications of the brain and nervous system. Learning a bit about Powassan virus disease, how it's transmitted, warning symptoms, and ways that you can protect yourself can help a lot. What Is Powassan Virus Disease? If you're wondering, what is Powassan virus disease? Put simply, it's the disease you get if a tick infects you with the virus, which then spreads into your bloodstream. Some infected people may never even become sick, and those who do can range from those with very mild symptoms to others who develop devastating brain or neurological disorders. For those familiar with Lyme disease or Ehrlichiosis, this virus does not require quite so long a time attached to the host as some of these other diseases. How Does The Virus Spread? The vast majority of Powassan disease transmission occurs in the form of a bite from an infected blacklegged tick. Ticks usually like to hang out on leaves, in piles of leaves, brush, and tall grass, where it's easy to latch onto passing humans or pets and get carried home. Hiking, yard work, and gardening in these wooded or grassy areas pose a risk of transmission, especially when outdoors. People do not often feel the tick bite since the ticks are very small and usually attach to hidden parts of the body. One of the good things about this particular illness, however, is that it can't spread from person to person from an infected person. Learn More: What Are The Causes Of Common Colds: Understanding the ColdWhy Is It So Dangerous? You may be thinking, so why is this virus so dangerous? What doctors seem most worried about is the fact that this particular virus can take over. The virus can infect and damage the spinal cord and the brain, and when the nervous system is hit, it can trigger the onset of severe encephalitis (which means inflammation of the brain) and meningitis (inflammation of membranes covering the brain and spinal cord). Many people who become infected do fully recover, but several of them continue to have long-term consequences, such as loss of concentration and memory loss. In some cases, the disease may lead to death. Powassan Virus Symptoms To Watch For Some symptoms that might not strike the average person as tick-borne illness are the initial Powassan virus symptoms: Fever Headache Fatigue Nausea and vomiting Muscle pains and body aches Weakness However, if the brain and spinal cord are affected, patients will present with such Powassan virus symptoms as: Seizures Confusion and brain changes, including trouble walking and poor coordination Extreme weakness Trouble with speech or thinking Changes in alertness It will take time to discover that these may be Powassan virus disease symptoms, and doctors should be notified for medical intervention because they may occur quickly. When Do The Symptoms Of This Disease Occur? The Powassan symptoms usually first appear approximately a week or two after a tick bite occurs, or as long as a month after the bite, and people usually don't have memory or recollections of having been bitten.It's worth knowing whether one's neighbors or a part of town has had confirmed cases of Powassan virus disease because this would then serve as increased precautions. Be sure to monitor for signs and symptoms if one lives in an area that ticks inhabit. What Do Doctors Do To Diagnose Powassan Virus Disease? A medical professional may ask questions about the signs and symptoms you present and may also be interested in recent outdoor activities, if there were recent outdoor hobbies that have occurred, and your medical history. Blood tests for Powassan antibodies will confirm the virus, as will certain other tests, such as in-vivo MRIs of the brain or lumbar punctures, if you are having difficulty or weakness in mobility or have had a headache. Treatment for Powassan Virus There are presently no specific anti-viral medicines to cure this viral infection. It is being managed mainly by administering care to ease its symptoms. Very mild symptoms may get well on their own with bed rest and sufficient hydration. Those suffering from a severe form of this illness are treated by placing him/her on: Intravenous (IV) fluids Breathing support if needed Medications to prevent seizures Treatments to reduce brain swelling Can Individuals Get Over This Disease? As with much in the world, outcomes for this specific illness can vary a lot. Certain people who are unfortunate enough to experience severe Powassan disease will have their own specific lingering health issues with memory, weakness, or balance challenges in the aftermath. Though for many, with appropriate and prompt medical attention, full recovery is very possible. How To Stay Safe From Powassan Virus For most people, the best prevention for all tick-related diseases is prevention of tick exposure. Prevention of ticks includes: Wear clothing that has a lot of sleeve and pant coverage when walking outdoors in tick-infested areas. Use spray for ticks on uncovered parts of the skin, clothes, equipment, or backpack according to product instructions. Stick to maintained walkways and roads, especially in woods. Avoid brushing against brush or grass in which ticks like to reside. Check your body for ticks as soon as you enter your house, school, or office building. Remove your clothes as soon as you arrive indoors. Shower and do your self-tick inspection right after leaving outdoor areas. Remove ticks in an appropriate manner. Read Next: Unveiling the Mystery Behind Dry Skin: Causes & TreatmentConclusion Even though the Powassan virus is rather uncommon, in many cases it has quite devastating effects due to its impact on the human body. It is important to learn how this viral disease is contracted, as well as some of the common symptoms associated with it. If you have experienced a tick bite or have traveled to a tick-prevalent area and are exhibiting any symptoms of infection, then seek medical assistance immediately. Early diagnosis and prompt care are vital, as are preventative health care practices when living or playing in a region inhabited by ticks, as there is no targeted treatment for Powassan virus infection at this point in time. Frequently Asked Questions Can the Powassan be transmitted during blood transfusions? Cases via blood products have been suspected in the past; however, it remains an exceedingly rare transmission route, and the risk continues to be monitored by the blood product agencies. Transmission by tick bites remains the predominant mode of infection. Will a timely removal of the tick prevent infection? Prompt removal will reduce the chances of transmitting many types of tick-borne diseases; however, the virus is able to spread more quickly than some of the bacterial infections found on ticks. Prompt removal of the tick is a sensible tick-prevention measure, nonetheless. Is infection with the Powassan increasing? In recent years, an increased number of infections have been recorded, due in part to expanding tick populations, improved detection rates, and reporting practices. Despite these increased rates, the disease remains relatively uncommon when compared to other tick-borne diseases. What time of year is at the highest risk of infection? In most geographic regions where this virus is found, the majority of infections are reported during the late spring, summer, and early autumn months because there are increased opportunities for humans to be outside and in contact with the various types of infected ticks. In warmer months, in some years, the transmission risk can occur during some portion of the winter months.
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